This page collects 40 sentence transformation patterns used in English exams, where a sentence must be rewritten without changing its meaning. Each pattern starts from one structure and shows the equivalent form, such as Because, Since, and As against Because of, As a result of, and Due to. Every entry gives the grammar formula first and then example sentences that show the rewrite in context. The patterns cover cause and effect, contrast, condition, comparison, passive voice, reported speech, time expressions, wishes, and causative forms. Work through one pattern at a time, then cover the example and produce the second form from the first.
Mẫu 1: Because / Since / As ↔ Because of / As a result of / Due to
Cấu trúc:
- Because / Since / As + S + V ...
- Because of / As a result of / Due to + noun / noun phrase / V-ing
Ví dụ:
- Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. → Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her.
- Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished. → As he behaved badly, he must be punished.
Mẫu 2: Although / Though / Even though ↔ Despite / In spite of
Cấu trúc:
- Although / Though / Even though + S + V ...
- Despite / In spite of + noun / noun phrase / V-ing
Ví dụ:
- Although it rains, we go to school on time. → Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
- Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons. → Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our lessons.
Mẫu 3: So ... that ↔ Such ... that
Cấu trúc:
- So + adjective + that
- Such + a/an + adjective + noun + that
Ví dụ:
- The film was so good that I saw it three times. → It was such a good film that I saw it three times.
- It is such a bad book that nobody reads it. → This book is so bad that nobody reads it.
Mẫu 4: Too ... + to-infinitive ↔ Enough ... + to-infinitive
Cấu trúc:
- Too + adjective + to-infinitive
- Enough + adjective + to-infinitive (usually with "not")
Ví dụ:
- Mary is too young to get married. → Mary isn't old enough to get married.
- The tea was not cool enough for her to drink. → The tea was too hot for her to drink.
Mẫu 5: So ... that / Such ... that ↔ Too ... + to-infinitive / Enough ... + to-infinitive
Cấu trúc:
- So ... that / Such ... that
- Too ... + to-infinitive / Enough ... + to-infinitive
Ví dụ:
- This raincoat is so small that she can't wear it. → This raincoat is too small for her to wear.
- It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times. → The novel was interesting enough for me to read many times.
- This question is easy enough for us to answer. → This question is so easy that we can answer it.
- The box was too heavy for the child to carry. → It was such a heavy box that the child couldn't carry it.
Mẫu 6: To-infinitive ... + be + Adj./N ↔ S + V + it + Adj./N + to-infinitive
Cấu trúc:
- To-infinitive ... + be + Adj./N
- S + V + it + Adj./N + to-infinitive
Ví dụ:
- To live on my salary must be hard. → I find it hard to live on my salary.
Mẫu 7: Conditional Sentences
Cấu trúc:
- Ngữ cảnh hiện tại → If + type 2 (past simple)
- Ngữ cảnh quá khứ → If + type 3 (past perfect)
Ghi chú:
- Mệnh đề₁ + so + mệnh đề₂ → If + mệnh đề₁..., mệnh đề₂
- Mệnh đề₁ + because + mệnh đề₂ → If + mệnh đề₂..., mệnh đề₁
Ví dụ:
- He can't do the test because it is too difficult. → If the test weren't too difficult, he could do it.
- I didn't eat anything so I was hungry. → I wouldn't have been hungry if I had eaten something.
Mẫu 8: If...not ↔ Unless
Cấu trúc:
- If...not
- Unless...
Lưu ý: không đổi loại điều kiện — chỉ đổi từ nối.
Ví dụ:
- Unless it rains, we will go to the movies. (type 1) → If it doesn't rain, we will go to the movies. (type 1)
- If they didn't attend class regularly, they couldn't understand the lesson. (type 2) → Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn't understand the lesson. (type 2)
Mẫu 9: S + V (present perfect) + time ↔ It is + time + since + S + V (past)
Cấu trúc:
- S + V (present perfect) + time expression
- It is + time + since + S + V (past)
Ví dụ:
- Tom and Mary have been married for five years. → It is five years since Tom and Mary were married.
- I haven't seen my father for one month. → It's one month since I last saw my father.
Mẫu 10: Wish Sentences
Cấu trúc:
- Future → Wish + would + V
- Present → Wish + past simple
- Past → Wish + past perfect
Ví dụ:
- She won't visit me again. → I wish she would visit me again.
- My wife can't speak French. → I wish my wife could speak French.
- What a pity you failed in your driving test. → I wish you hadn't failed in your driving test.
Mẫu 11: S + have/has + not + V3/ed ... since (for) ↔ S + last + V (past) ... when / The last time + S + was
Cấu trúc:
- S + have/has + not + V3/ed ... since (for)...
- S + last + V (past) ... when...
- The last time + S + was ...
Ví dụ:
- I haven't heard him since August. → The last time I heard him was in August.
- I haven't seen him since I was a student. → I last saw him when I was a student.
Mẫu 12: S + V (past) ... ago ↔ S + have/has + been + V-ing + since (for)...
Cấu trúc:
- S + V (past) ... ago
- S + have/has + been + V-ing + since (for)...
Mẫu 13: S + V + ... + time ↔ It take/took + (object) + time + to-infinitive
Cấu trúc:
- S + V + ... + time
- It take/took + (object) + time + to-infinitive...
Nghĩa: ai đó mất bao lâu để làm việc gì.
Ví dụ:
- She typed the letter in 20 minutes. → It took her 20 minutes to type the letter.
- I walked to my office in 10 minutes. → It took me 10 minutes to walk to my office.
Mẫu 14: S + didn't + V ... until ... ↔ It was not until ... that ...
Cấu trúc:
- S + didn't + V ... until...
- It was not until ... that...
Nghĩa: không trước một thời điểm nào đó.
Ví dụ:
- Tom didn't begin to read until he was eight. → It was not until Tom was eight that he began to read.
Mẫu 15: Causative Form
Chủ động
Cấu trúc:
- S + have + O₁ + V (bare) + O₂
- S + get + O₁ + to-infinitive + O₂
Ví dụ:
- I will have Tom wash the car.
- I will get Tom to wash the car.
Bị động
Cấu trúc:
- S + have/get + O + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
- I will have the car washed.
- I will get the car washed.
Mẫu 16: Active ↔ Passive
Cấu trúc:
- S + V + object ... (active)
- S + be + V3/ed ... + (by) ... (passive)
Ví dụ:
- The police is questioning him. → He is being questioned by the police.
Xem Passive Voice cho phần trình bày đầy đủ.
Mẫu 17: Comparative ↔ Superlative
Cấu trúc:
- Comparative
- Superlative
Ví dụ:
- My mother was the most warm-hearted person I've ever known. → I've never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother.
Mẫu 18: Reporting/Thinking Verbs in the Passive
Chủ động
- People / they + V (consider / know / believe / say / ...) + that + S + V + ...
Bị động
Dạng 1 — bị động bất nhân xưng với "it":
- It + is/was + V3/ed + that + S + V + ...
Dạng 2 — bị động nhân xưng với to-infinitive:
- S + be + V3/ed + to-infinitive ... (khi động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại/tương lai)
- S + be + V3/ed + to have + V3/ed ... (khi động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ)
Ví dụ:
- The owner of the house is thought to be abroad.
- People thought that he had died in battle. → It was thought that he had died in battle. → He was thought to have died in battle.
Mẫu 19: Equal ↔ Comparative
Cấu trúc:
- as ... as (equal comparison)
- Comparative + than
Ví dụ:
- Susan isn't as good at chemistry as Sarah. → Sarah is better at chemistry than Susan.
Mẫu 20: Double Comparative
Cấu trúc:
- Clause₁ + clause₂
- The + comparative ..., the + comparative ...
Ví dụ:
- As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful. → The older he grows, the more cheerful he becomes.
Mẫu 21: It takes sb + time + to do sth ↔ sb spend + time + doing sth
Cấu trúc:
- It takes/took + sb + time + to-infinitive
- sb + spend/spent + time + V-ing
Ví dụ:
- It took her 3 hours to do her homework → She spent 3 hours doing her homework.
Mẫu 22: Understand ↔ to be aware of
Cấu trúc:
- Understand
- to be aware of
Ví dụ:
- Do you understand the lesson? → Are you aware of the lesson?
Mẫu 23: To be interested in = fond of = keen on = like
Cấu trúc:
- To be interested in = fond of = keen on = like
Ví dụ:
- She likes English → She is interested in English.
Mẫu 24: Succeed in doing sth ↔ manage to do sth
Cấu trúc:
- Succeed in doing sth
- manage to do sth
Ví dụ:
- We succeeded in inventing television → We managed to invent television.
Mẫu 25: Prefer sb to do sth ↔ Would rather sb did sth
Cấu trúc:
- Prefer sb to do sth
- Would rather sb + did sth
Ví dụ:
- I prefer you not to smoke here → I'd rather you not smoke here.
Mẫu 26: Prefer doing sth to doing sth ↔ would rather do sth than do sth / like doing sth better than doing sth
Cấu trúc:
- Prefer doing sth to doing sth
- would rather do sth than do sth / like doing sth better than doing sth
Ví dụ:
- She prefers staying at home to going out → She would rather stay at home than go out.
Mẫu 27: As soon as + S + V2/ed ↔ Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + when ↔ No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + than
Cấu trúc:
- As soon as + S + V2/ed, S + V2/ed
- Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + when + S + V2/ed
- No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed
Lưu ý: mệnh đề sau "as soon as" trở thành mệnh đề sau "when"/"than".
Ví dụ:
- As soon as I left the house, he appeared → Hardly had I left the house when he appeared.
Xem Inversion cho cấu trúc nền.
Mẫu 28: Not ... any more ↔ No longer + auxiliary + S + V / No more ...
Cấu trúc:
- Not ... any more
- No longer + auxiliary + S + V / No more ...
Mẫu 29: To be not worth doing sth ↔ There is no point in doing sth
Cấu trúc:
- To be not worth doing sth
- There is no point in doing sth
Nghĩa: không đáng, vô ích.
Ví dụ:
- It is not worth making him get up early → There is no point in making him get up early.
Mẫu 30: It seems that + S + V ↔ It is likely that + S + V ↔ It looks as if/though
Cấu trúc:
- It seems that + S + V
- It is likely that + S + V
- It looks as if/though
Nghĩa: dường như.
Ví dụ:
- It seems that he will come late → It is likely that he will come late = He is likely to come late / It looks as if he will come late.
Mẫu 31: S + often + V ↔ S + be + accustomed to doing = S + be/get + used to doing
Cấu trúc:
- S + often + V
- S + be + accustomed to doing = S + be/get + used to doing
Ví dụ:
- Lan often cries when she meets with difficulties → Lan is used to crying when she meets with difficulties.
Mẫu 32: This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed ↔ S + be + not used to doing
Cấu trúc:
- This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed
- S + be + not used to doing
Ví dụ:
- This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie → I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.
Mẫu 33: S + V + because + S + V ↔ S + V + to-infinitive
Cấu trúc:
- S + V + because + S + V
- S + V + to-infinitive
Ví dụ:
- She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination → She studies hard to pass the final examination.
Mẫu 34: S + V + not only ... but also ↔ S + V + both ... and
Cấu trúc:
- S + V + not only ... but also
- S + V + both ... and
Ví dụ:
- He translated fast and correctly → He translated not only fast but also correctly.
Mẫu 35: S + ask/want + O + to V ↔ S + get + O + to do sth = S + have + O + do sth
Cấu trúc:
- S + ask/want + O + to-infinitive
- S + get + O + to-infinitive = S + have + O + bare infinitive
Ví dụ:
- I ask him to spend more time with me → I have him spend more time with me.
Mẫu 36: S + V + no + N ↔ S + be + N-less
Cấu trúc:
- S + V + no + N
- S + be + N-less
Ví dụ:
- She always speaks no care → She is always careless about her words.
Mẫu 37: S + be + adj + prep ↔ S + V + adv
Cấu trúc:
- S + be + adjective + preposition
- S + V + adverb
Ví dụ:
- My students are very good at maths → My students study maths well.
Mẫu 38: It + be + adj ↔ What + a/an + adj + N
Cấu trúc:
- It + be + adjective
- What + a/an + adjective + noun
Ví dụ:
- It was an interesting film → What an interesting film!
Mẫu 39: S + V + adv ↔ How + adj + S + be
Cấu trúc:
- S + V + adverb
- How + adjective + S + be ...
Ví dụ:
- She washes clothes quickly → How quick she is to wash clothes!
Mẫu 40: If I were you, I would + V ↔ S + advise + sb + to do
Cấu trúc:
- If I were you, I would + V
- S + advise + sb + to-infinitive
Ví dụ:
- "If I were you, I wouldn't do that," he said → He advised me not to do that.
Xem thêm: Sentence Structure · Passive Voice · Reported Speech · Inversion