This note is a working index of backend resources rather than a single tutorial. The first section lists links to a language, reading material, a roadmap, and a message queue benchmark. Later sections mix short concept notes with tool picks. You get the Wilson confidence interval, the difference between latency and throughput, and the roofline chart for spotting bottlenecks. Web servers, frameworks, and libraries each get a line with a link. Common bugs covers data races, race conditions, and deadlocks. Authorization models, ID schemes, authentication, search, payment gateways, no-code platforms, and API gateways close the list. Skim the headings, then open only what fits the problem in front of you.
Resources
- Gleam: Friendly language for building type-safe, scalable systems - GitHub
- Notes by anonystick: GitHub
- Learning roadmap: Google Sheets
- Solving deadlocks in distributed systems: Viblo
- General-purpose API collection: GitHub
- Message queue benchmark: Kafka vs RabbitMQ vs Redis Streams
Wilson Confidence Interval
- A statistical confidence interval for estimating a success rate
- Computes the lower bound of the success rate
- Works well with small samples and is not distorted by sample size
- Used in ranking, product ratings, and A/B testing
Throughput
- Latency: the time it takes to process one request
- Throughput: the number of requests processed in a given period
- Formula: Throughput = IO Average size × IOPS
- Example: 1M requests/s at an average of 1kB/request → Throughput = 1GB/s
- Use a roofline chart to identify bottlenecks
Web Server
- Spin: WASM web server for serverless applications - GitHub
- Nginx: Quick introduction to nginx
Libraries / Frameworks
- AsyncAPI: Swagger alternative - GitHub
- Atlas: Migration tool for MongoDB - Website
- TypeORM: ORM for JavaScript/TypeScript - Website
- LMAX Disruptor: High-performance, lock-free message processing
- Hotwire: Build the front end from the back end - Website
- i18n: GitHub
- Encore: Open-source framework for building backend applications quickly and efficiently. Provides tools to build, deploy, and manage backend services, reducing development complexity with built-in support for cloud services and continuous deployment - GitHub #backend #framework
- Hypervel: Laravel-style PHP framework with native coroutine support, delivering very high performance for I/O-intensive applications - GitHub #php #framework #coroutine
- Motia: Multi-language backend framework that unifies APIs, background jobs, queues, workflows, streams, and AI agents in a single core, with built-in observability and state management - GitHub #backend #framework #multi-language
- PocketBase: Open-source backend written in Go, shipped as a single file. Includes an embedded database (SQLite) with realtime subscriptions, built-in file and user management, an admin dashboard UI, and a REST-ish API. Can be used as a standalone app or as a Go framework/toolkit - GitHub #backend #database #go #realtime
Caching
See details: Caching
Common Bugs
Data Race and Race Condition
- Data race: Two or more threads access the same variable and at least one of them writes
- Race condition: The result depends on the order in which operations execute
- Solutions: Locking, synchronization, atomic operations
Deadlock
- Two or more processes wait on each other for resources
- Solutions: Timeouts or priority-based resolution
Authorization
- ACL: Access Control List - a list of permissions per user/group
- RBAC: Role-Based Access Control - permissions based on roles
- ABAC: Attribute-Based Access Control - permissions based on attributes
IDs
- ULID: Unix time + random string, sortable by time - GitHub
- Hashids: Fake IDs for clients, resistant to brute force - GitHub
- NanoID: Faster UUID-style ID generation - GitHub
- Snowflake: Twitter's ID scheme, suited to replicated services
Authentication
Searching
- Vector Search and RAG Tutorial
- Search Engine and Vector Database
- Typesense: Fast, easy-to-use open-source search engine, an alternative to Algolia and ElasticSearch. Supports typo tolerance, faceting, filtering, and sorting - GitHub #search-engine #open-source
API
Searching APIs
- Exa is a paid web index and retrieval API for agents. Search starts at $4 per 1,000 requests.
- brightdata.com
- serper.dev
Payment Processing
- Hyperswitch: Open-source payment solution that integrates multiple payment gateways through a single API - GitHub #payment #gateway
No-code Platforms
- NocoBase: Open-source platform for building data management applications without writing code, supporting CRUD generation and data relationship management - GitHub #nocode #platform
API Gateway
- KGateway: Cloud-native API Gateway and AI Gateway that provides effective API management and routing - GitHub #api-gateway #ai-gateway #cloud
See also: Caching · Database Tools · Redis